A. Top-down has resources and time. Bottoms-up sometimes has a more realistic vision. I favor top-down, but part of the top-down research should involve consulting those at the bottom for ideas.

A. My first job was fastfood. People rose up among the crew and became managers, and people were hired from the outside as managers. Crew members would follow orders from whoever was in charge, but...

A. Promote, in my opinion. Consider pharmaceutical companies. They receive property rights on newly developed drugs for a certain amount of years to pay for research costs and reward discovery. If...

A. I also firmly agree with Martijn Sjoorda's response to the question. International shame is perhaps the best approach.