But Fast Company has learned that Sciences' conflicts of interest went even deeper. The firm had passed its verdict on BPA, under oath, even before it began the government review. In 2003, Sciences provided expert testimony for the defense in a lawsuit over BPA. On an archived page of the firm's Web site, the company bragged that, for a private client, it had acted as an expert witness "challenging the validity" of the science on BPA's health risks. "The case was decided in favor of the defendants," the site said. (Anderson, who sold Sciences for $5.1 million in 2001 and left for rival Exponent in 2006, confirmed by email that the testimony happened but declined to provide details. Herman Gibb, who took over as president of Sciences, says the staff working on the CERHR contract was not aware of the testimony.)
The NIH terminated the Sciences contract in April 2007, and the firm is now down to four employees. The Environmental Working Group has since reported that Sciences had client relationships with the makers of nearly every chemical it reviewed under the CERHR contract.
Echoes of Agent Orange
As the Sciences International scandal broke, John D. Dingell, Michigan congressman and then-chair of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, launched an investigation into the product-defense industry. "I have grave concerns that science may be for sale at these consulting firms," Dingell told Fast Company. "If supposedly reputable scientists are paid to cast doubt on valid scientific data that raise public-health concerns about everyday products, then the public's health and safety are being endangered."
"Science may be for sale at these consulting firms," says Congressman Dingell. "If supposedly reputable scientists are paid to cast doubt on valid data, the public's health and safety are being endangered."
Dingell's probe zeroed in on a 75-employee Beltway firm called the Weinberg Group (tagline: "Science minds over business matters"). The firm got started in the 1980s defending the carcinogenic defoliant Agent Orange. According to documents from the tobacco archives, founder Myron Weinberg was a major player in Philip Morris's infamous "whitecoat" project, under which the company secretly paid dozens of PhDs to challenge the findings that secondhand smoke caused cancer. More recently, the firm has fought restrictions on drugs such as ephedra and Fen-phen -- both since pulled from the market. On its site, it has noted that when the FDA proposed canceling an unspecified client's drug, the Weinberg Group launched a lengthy appeal process that led "to 10 additional years of sales prior to the ultimate cancellation."
An April 2003 marketing letter written by Weinberg vice president P. Terrence Gaffney provides insight into the services the firm offers. The letter offered DuPont help in defending PFOA, a component of Teflon that has been the subject of lawsuits and EPA enforcement costing the company more than $100 million. "Manufacturers must be the aggressors," the letter urged. "We must implement a strategy at the outset which discourages government agencies, the plaintiff's bar, and misguided environmental groups from pursuing this matter." Specifically, Gaffney offered to facilitate "the publication of papers and articles dispelling the alleged ... harm." He promised, "We will harness, focus, and involve the scientific and intellectual capital of our company with one goal in mind -- creating the outcome our client desires."
According to Dingell's investigation, Sunoco is among the manufacturers that hired the Weinberg Group to defend its BPA business. A spokesperson for Sunoco confirms the company hired Weinberg but says it was only to analyze BPA science. Weinberg also downplays its role. "The Weinberg Group certainly has been involved," says spokesman John Kyte, managing director of PR giant Burson-Marsteller. "But critics want to attribute to the Weinberg Group this exorbitant influence and this cloak-and-dagger kind of thing. In the big picture, it's not the reason the product is in widespread use."
James Lamb, a lawyer and toxicologist, has been a prominent advocate for BPA's safety, both as a Weinberg vice president and an independent contractor. In 1998, when BPA became a major issue at a scientific conference in Kyoto, Japan, Lamb led press conferences attacking vom Saal's studies. In a 2001 press release publicizing Tyl's study using the CD Sprague-Dawley rats, Lamb -- identified only as a former NIH scientist, not a consultant to BPA manufacturers -- declared that "the concerns raised by sketchy or incomplete data have now been conclusively addressed. The results indicate very clearly that there is no risk to human health from these low-dose exposures."
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Recent Comments | 46 Total
January 22, 2009 at 10:59am by Christina Rankin
This is a really well written article. I was so glad to have had my children about 10-15 years later than most of my peers because of what we have learned in the last few years about environmental chemicals in bottles as well as disposable diapers. (I'm in my late 30s, currently have a 14 month old & am 6 months pregnant with Baby 2)
Many of my friend's children have learning disabilities, ADHD, Diabetes, Autism, etc. & I believe most of these problems could have been brought on by chemicals in the environment. I went out of my way to find BPA free bottles (Avent) and use cloth diapers, among other precautions including buying organic foods. It is true what the article says about chemicals being safe until proven dangerous & my father suffers from exposure to Agent Orange but it took many years to prove it & get Monsanto to take responsibility for that mess.
Anyway, thank you for the article. I am currently sharing it with verious Mommy groups & family memebers.
January 26, 2009 at 8:23pm by Robert Williams
I agree that this article is well researched, but I disagree that it is well written. The authors are just as overtly advancing a point of view as the people thy are accusing of misleading the public. They take huge liberties with the interpretation of the facts. They find every study that indicates BPA is a hazzard to be very good science and every study that indicates BPA is not a grave concern to be terribly flawed. Hmmmm? Is it likely to be this binary? I think not.
I used to work as a scientist for one of the plastics companies mentioned in the article. I did a lot of research on BPA and polycarbonate. I am 10 years removed from plastics related companies and have zero financial stake in the outcome of any BPA related gevernment actions. My opinion is strictly based on my experience in the industry and my knowledge of the facts.
BPA may be a hazzard to some degree. I don't think we know enough to quantify it. Any compound, naturally occuring or synthetic, can be hazzardous under certain conditions and/or above certain threshold levels. Arsenic is a well known poison, yet in trace amounts is beneficial in the human diet. I could easily write an article as hysterical as this one about arsenic, never mentioning the benefits.
Polycarbonate is the major end product from BPA. The use of polycarbonate as a packaging material has greatly improved human health in so many ways, including the safe delivery of food and beverage products that otherwise may be subject to many forms of contamination, it's use in medical instruments and devices, and as a lens material for vision care products. Polycarbonate is returnable, reusable, and recyclable. Because of its heat resistance, it is sterilizable by autoclave. Few other packaging products are this versatile with respect to applications and to limiting packaging waste products going into landfills. For example, PET bottles (aka Coke bottles) have a low heat resistance and cannot be sterilized and reused. Some get recycled into fleece products but that process is not cost effective, so most end up in landfills.
We must weigh the risk/reward ratio of decisions about materials such as BPA derived plastics. What are the benefits of the materials, what are the viable alternatives, etc? The trace amounts of benzene in unleaded gasoline are known to be carcinogenic. We inhale those every time we fill up our tanks. However, the alternative is leaded gas and no one wants that. There are no risk free solutions. It's about managing risk when all the facts are not obvious. Equating the risks of BPA with dioxins, agent orange, and tobacco is hyperbole and disingenuous. The body of data in those fields is huge and the effects are documented in human health data, not extrapolated from limited, and by the author's own admissions, sometimes questionable laboratory results. We do ourselves a disservice if we let hysteria drive our decision making processes.
January 27, 2009 at 1:01pm by Lisa P
About time this was laid bare for consumers to consider. Nice job, folks.
January 27, 2009 at 4:43pm by Joe Weingarten
I would beg to differ with Mr. Williams, while a plastic over the years may have been found to be a wonderful packaging material, it does not mean it is a safe material under certain conditions. Could it be that hot milk in a plastic bottle pulls more of a harmful compound into the milk and could it just be the cause of increased autism in children. After all heating milk or formula in a plastic bottle in a microwave was not too common 30-40 plus years ago. Christina get glass bottles for your little ones and lets all push for more reserach into the use of some of these plastics and their compounds that leach into our foods.
January 28, 2009 at 4:39pm by Trevor Butterworth
This article is shockingly misleading about the science. One might expect any article that presented itself as the "true story" of BPA *not* to leave out the European Union's risk assessment of the chemical completed in 2006 and updated in 2008 - particularly as the EU legislates according to the Precautionary Principle. Conducted by 21 independent scientists across the EU for the Food Safety Agency, it concluded BPA was so safe the tolerable daily intake could be increased by a factor of five. It also repeated the salient point noted in every risk assessment, whether by the Japanese Government or the U.S.'s CERHR - oral ingestion of BPA eliminates all estrogenic capacity.
In other words: BPA is not an endocrine disruptor if orally ingested. As oral ingestion is the primary route of exposure for humans, studies that posit a risk based on IV exposure have repeatedly been rejected by risk assessments, whether independent, government or industry funded.
I also searched for mention of NSF International's risk assessment of BPA, which was published last year, and found nothing. NSF is a non-profit consumer investigation group - it's results are broadly in line with the EU. In fact, all the risk assessments are broadly in line with each other.
Mr. Case also seems unaware of such multigenerational studies on low dose exposure to BPA, conducted by the EPA, Howdeshell et al (2007), which appear to throw a wrench into the low-dose exposure thesis. And he also seems to discount Ashby's attempts to replicate Vom Saal's work (he failed) and the National Toxicology Program's biostatistics panel criticism of Vom Saal's data.
Instead of a dispassionate investigation of the science, the author seems determined to paint a conspiracy. He has gone to all the people who have a vested interest in pushing BPA as toxic line (research grants, lifetime's work etc), and given the other side - which happens to include some of the world's leading toxicologists no credence whatsoever.
I declare that I have no financial interest in BPA or the chemical industry in declaring this article a disgrace.
January 29, 2009 at 10:53am by Stephenie Hendricks
Bravo to David Case and Fast Company for having the courage to bring to light another example of failure from the last administration - the deregulation of the chemical industry, as demonstrated by the terrible situation with bisphenol A. Still yet another new study came out this week demonstrating that bisphenol A remains in our bodies longer than anyone previously believed, and is difficult to get rid of, perhaps storing itself in our fat. And with previous studies demonstrating links of BPA exposure to obesity, how convenient! The concept of "self regulation" has resulted in rising rates of illness linked to chemical exposure - including cancer and neurodevelopmental problems with children. The era of public apathy with corporate arrogance toward our health is ending. Even the EU and Canada are set to impose restrictions on BPA - so we won't be able to sell products with this stuff with our trading partners in the global marketplace. With so much scientific study on this chemical, one would wonder why its makers don't just take the money they spend on their spin doctors who attack scientists and lobbying firms who influence legislators and who also try to interfere with regulatory policy and use it to develop safer products? They'd be better off in the competitive marketplace and we'd be safer from illness linked to exposure from their chemical.
January 29, 2009 at 2:28pm by Sarah J
Thanks to Fast Company and to David Case for writing a very well researched and thorough article. This isn't the first time that the chemical industry has been exposed for creating controversy in the interest of maintaining a market for their product. Last year, Representative Dingell launched a probe into the influence of industry at federal agencies such as the EPA and FDA. And Congress is still taking note, with bills poised be introduced in both the House and Senate that will ban BPA.
The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) has also been paying attention to this issue and has filed a petition with FDA asking them to revoke their approval of BPA as a food additive.
You can read more about our work on my blog: http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/sjanssen
January 29, 2009 at 3:36pm by Mike Schade
Thank you for writing such a thorough well-researched story on bisphenol A (BPA).
Bisphenol A is a dangerous toxic chemical that’s been found to cause harm by over 100 independent scientific studies. It’s a shame the chemical industry continues to defend this unnecessary toxic chemical when safer substitutes are available.
Most recently, three new studies found that:
· According to a Reuters story, “A controversial chemical used in many plastic products may remain in the body longer than previously thought, and people may be ingesting it from sources other than food, U.S. researchers said on Wednesday.”
· According to Environmental Health News, “In this first study examining infants’ exposure to bisphenol A, premature babies hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units had levels of BPA in their urine 10 times higher than the general population. The source of exposure most likely was plastic medical devices used in the hospital, although some could have come from infant formula.”
· Also according to Environmental Health news, “scientists estimate that the amount of bisphenol A (BPA) circulating in the blood of babies is more than 11 times higher than the amount in adult blood. The striking disparity is most likely due to natural differences in metabolism and body size between babies and adults. This study points to the need for chemical exposure standards to better incorporate differences in vulnerabilities between children and adults.”
Thank you again for shining the light on BPA.
January 30, 2009 at 12:03am by Frederick vom Saal
Trevor Butterworth makes numerous statements in his response to the article by David Case about bisphenol A (BPA) that are directly contradicted by scientific findings in peer-reviewed published studies. First, Mr. Butterworth stated that: “studies that posit a risk based on IV exposure have repeatedly been rejected by risk assessments”. In direct contrast to this statement, my colleagues and I published an article showing that in newborn mice, it made absolutely no difference whether BPA was fed to the babies or administered by injection (Taylor et al. 2008), since newborn mice, similar to newborn humans, have very limited capacity to metabolize BPA or any other chemical or drug, as any parent knows. Furthermore, acknowledging this fact, the Center for the Evaluation of Risk to Human Reproduction (CERHR) within the National Toxicology Program (NTP) concluded that route of administration was irrelevant in studies involving babies, so apparently Mr. Butterworth did not really read the CERHR report released in September 2008 that he cites. He also appears not to have read the article that he cites from the EPA, which was not a multigenerational study. Mr. Butterworth’s lack of knowledge regarding the actual facts in the articles in cites is disturbing given the harsh tone of his critique. Second, in adult men and women, as the length of time since last consuming food and beverages increases, according to Mr. Butterworth there should be a dramatic decrease in BPA, yet virtually no decrease in BPA occurs (Stahlhut et al. 2009). Third, the conclusion from a huge number of peer-reviewed published studies with animals directly contradicts the statement by Mr. Butterworth that: “oral ingestion of BPA eliminates all estrogenic capacity. In other words: BPA is not an endocrine disruptor if orally ingested.” In addition, the finding from data collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as part of the United States National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey (NHANES) that as BPA levels increase in people they are at greater risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease also directly contradicts Mr. Butterworth’s assurance that BPA is completely safe (Lang et al. 2008). Finally, in Europe the risk assessment of BPA by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), which used the same flawed approach of only relying on 2 chemical-industry funded studies to reach its conclusions, will be re-evaluated at a meeting in Berlin in March 2009. One reason for the re-evaluation is that 36 internationally recognized scientists co-authored a peer-reviewed published critique of the US FDA and EFSA decision-making process that led these agencies to exclude from their evaluation of BPA findings contained in hundreds of peer-reviewed articles published by scientists not associated with chemical corporations (Myers et al. 2008). Mr. Butterworth works at STATS, which presumably is an “independent” organization. However, readers will find that they typically assure the public that chemicals such as BPA are not dangerous, regardless of the scientific evidence. The inaccurate statements by Mr. Butterworth about the safety of BPA are reminiscent of similar statements about the safety of cigarette smoke made by product-protection organizations discussed by David Case in his article on BPA. I expect that readers of Fast Company are astute enough to recognize attempts to mislead the public about the hazards of products that generate billions of dollars in profits for a few corporations.
PUBLISHED STUDIES CITED
Lang IA et al. 2008. Association of urinary bisphenol A concentration with medical disorders and laboratory abnormalities in adults. JAMA 300(11):1303-1310.
Myers JP et al. 2008. Why public health agencies cannot depend on good laboratory practices as a criterion for selecting data: the case of bisphenol A. Environ Health Perspect. doi:10.1289/ehp.0800173 available via http://dx.doi.org/ [Online 22 October 2008].
Stahlhut RW, Welshons WV, Swan, S.H. 2009. Bisphenol A data in NHANES suggest longer than expected half-life, substantial non-food exposure, or both. Environ Health Perspect.
doi: 10.1289/ehp.0800376 (available at http://dx.doi.org/) Online 28 January 2009.
Taylor JA, Welshons WV, vom Saal FS. 2008. No effect of route of exposure (oral; subcutaneous injection) on plasma bisphenol A throughout 24 hr after administration in neonatal female mice. Reprod Toxicol 25(2):169-176.
February 3, 2009 at 5:12pm by orlando somera
This may be my favorite article of the last year in any venue. My favorite tea comes in plastic bottles with a '7' in a triangle on the bottom. I wrote the manufacturer asking them to reassure me that their bottles didn't contain BPA as I was told that '7' was its marker. They responded by sending me a handful of coupons. Not one word about BPA. It's too bad, I really liked that tea.
February 4, 2009 at 11:09am by Richard Ward
Robert Williams states that "equating the risks of BPA with dioxins, agent orange, and tobacco is hyperbole and disingenuous." As a chemical engineer and patent attorney with significant hormonal pharmaceutical experience, I strongly disagree. In fact, based on the widespread use of BPA in the United States, the risk from BPA may far exceed that of dioxins/agent orange, and possibly even tobacco, which mainly only affects the user.
The new study referred to by Stephenie Hendricks intrigues me, as I have been searching for a mechanism to explain a number of related cancers (breast and prostate), miscarriages/birth defects, and asthma in my former neighborhood. I primarily looked at two major pollution sources -- a large waste oil burning asphalt plant suspected of dioxin, PCB, cadmium, and formaldehyde emissions -- and an incinerator ("waste to energy" facility). The latter of these would be more prone to BPA emissions, because as polycarbonate polymer in trash is thermally broken down, the monomer, BPA, may be freed from its polymeric state, and would then be made bioavailable. It could then be transported as part of particulates emitted from a stack, or in collected fly ash, which may disperse to some degree after collection if not properly handled. When particulates and ash are inhaled, BPA could enter the blood stream via the lungs (thus the recent heightened concerns about PM2.5 particulates). Since BPA is bioactive on the microgram level, it would not take much inhaled BPA to have a significant effect.
Such a mechanism could have even more significant effects in rural areas, where low temperature combustion of trash via burn barrels, including burning of BPA containing cans and bottles, is widespread.
I would appreciate any comments on an airbourne BPA uptake mechanism, especially from Professor vom Saal, whose work I have found to be very insightful.
February 8, 2009 at 8:20pm by jacco kroon
What I found most striking is not that (some)companies will go to great lengths to hold on to profitable chemicals but the lack of countervailing power from government agencies which are to weak, underfunded and unsophisticated to recognize a wolf in sheep's clothing.
February 8, 2009 at 8:23pm by jacco kroon
great article by the way. i will stop drinking milk from baby bottles!
February 10, 2009 at 7:44pm by Marie Zellar
Well done Fast Company! I've worked on chemical policy for many years and folks are definitely trying to "do a tobacco" on BPA and other ubiquitous chemicals. If we spent the money the industry folks layout in lobbyist and lawyers fees on alternatives, we could have solved this conundrum years ago. I hope to see regulation and innovation go on parallel paths to ending the use of something that could be hurting kids and developing safer alternatives at the same time. We can do better and we should. A better system would look for those compounds that have the least potential for harm being preferred, not waiting for harm to be proven by the companies selling the chemical in question. The current system basically says, until their is a body count, we won't regulate. We are smarter than that. Hopefully a new administration will have better science and oversight of the agencies regulating potentially harmful chemicals. In the meantime, let the alternatives be made widely available and the market work its magic.
February 28, 2009 at 8:10pm by Sara Mess
This is so hysterical! All of these stupid, lazy women fretting over their baby’s health being at risk. If they really cared about their baby’s health they would have breastfed in the first place. They would not even be in this situation if they would have done the single most natural, loving, healthy and easy thing and just nursed. There is SO MUCH education out there about how babies should be breast fed for at least the first year of life and these dumb women still choose to ignore it. I feel so sorry for all the poor babies that are born to these ignorant, lazy women. I work full time and I pumped for 18 months. The bottles that came with my breast pump have always been BPA free (Medela). Even if they were not already BPA free…BPA only leeches into food/liquid at extreme temperatures…like in the microwave. Who would microwave anything for a baby in the first place? Microwaves DESTROY nutrients in breast milk so it is not ever exposed to extreme temperatures. Good nursing mothers have never placed their babies in harm even if they did use bottles that had BPA in them. It official, nursing mothers really do love their babies more are better mothers than women who formula feed.
March 9, 2009 at 2:42pm by david lincoln
BPA: The real story from the “Canary in a Coal Mine” …
I’m a chemist and now entrepreneur (I think…) who has worked with Bisphenols during my thirty-year career- making them and putting them into products. Unfortunately any possible hormonal effect on me has been confounded with my age and baldness- except for maybe learning impairment…
A great article especially the Product Defense Intrigue and I would like to add to it.
The real “burden of proof” lies with the consumer and CEO’s for scientific literacy- maybe “Science for Dummies”, companies for values and ethics, and the government for judgment to hold everyone accountable for their liberties and opportunities given to them.
If one was to see how bisphenols are made, one would question immediately making metric tons of BPA to say the least of putting this stuff or incorporating into polycarbonate, epoxides etc. Into baby bottles- hey they even put bisphenols into inks and papers maybe the magazine I’m responding to.
The reality is management of chemical risk/benefit is extremely complicated. Are there opportunistic folks and wrongdoers, of course!
We need to educate not regulate and hold those accountable for their wrong actions
As for me, I will try to make money as a chemist (Even the guy who discovered Lipitor was “impacted “ or let go in more understandable terms), maybe buy me a hat and a crossword puzzle, for my baldhead and bad memory.
March 10, 2009 at 1:02pm by Deborah de Moulpied
Bravo for this in depth article. Thanks for having the courage to lay it on the line.
July 27, 2009 at 4:42pm by Kevin Peter
At an Endocrine Society meeting new research reported troubling data from animals experimentally treated with BPA.it certification Studies presented at the group's annual meeting show BPA can affect the hearts of women, can permanently damage the DNA of mice, and appear to be pouring into the human body from a variety of unknown sources.testking 70-237 The same Endocrine Society released a scientific statement expressing concern over current human exposure to BPA.testking 70-297 A 2009 study in mice suggested that 1 µg/kg BPA exposure causes long-term adverse reproductive and carcinogenic testking 646-223 effects if exposure occurs during prenatal critical periods of differentiation.testking 70-643 Another study suggested that neonatal exposure of as low as 50 µg/kg disrupts ovarian development in mice.
August 26, 2009 at 1:28am by nina nina
The chemical content in wide range of products is really a big concern. I hope there are much stricter rules and companies are far more responsible. classifieds |employment |for sale by owner
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September 1, 2009 at 2:39pm by John Chellaiya
Yes, the chemical constituents in wide range of products is a big thing. It is not easy to manage. So the administration should be good enough to manage that.
John
September 5, 2009 at 10:05pm by Ryan Design
Every new medicine or chemical that is produced is now taken to court, and the manufacturer is always at risk. Can we live without the CDs and DVDs?
If BPA is okay if used in CDs and DVDs, then why not in medicine?
Government reports are not meant to be trusted.
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September 6, 2009 at 9:10pm by steve venson
BPA is harmful to health. It seems to affect the brain of the human. So how are they going to prevent BPA? We need to wait and watch.
Stevenson
September 8, 2009 at 2:04am by matt phillips
I wouldn't be surprised if such a harsh chemical is in the tobacco everyone is smoking. But, I guess it is up to each individual on if they decide to smoke or not.
Matt
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September 8, 2009 at 6:17am by Robin Son
BPA seems to be really harmful to health. Do they have any preventive measures to avoid them? Robinson
September 13, 2009 at 4:09am by Faraz Alam
I have taken a survey in the United States, industrial chemicals are presumed safe until proven otherwise. As a result, the vast majority of the 80,000 chemicals registered to be used in products have never undergone a government or Dentists Palm Beach safety review. Companies are left largely to police themselves.
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September 16, 2009 at 8:10am by Franklyn red
BPA is harmful. Government should make clear policies with regarding to this use of BPA.
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September 24, 2009 at 9:53pm by Sachin polu
Bisphenol has now been proved harmful to humans. How the Government officials will draft laws to stop the usage of BPA? We have to wait and see...
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September 27, 2009 at 7:27am by Faraz Alam
If these low-dose findings were counterintuitive to toxicologists, they made perfect sense to developmental biologists. After all, BPA is a synthetic hormone. Any physician knows that at small doses and because of them snoring problem is created so Stop Snoring, most hormones are extremely powerful in stimulating their target organs, while at higher doses
September 28, 2009 at 12:28am by Gary Brodley
If anyone wants to know how bisphenols are produced, then question will be about immediately making metric tons of BPA to say the least of putting this stuff or incorporating into polycarbonate, epoxides etc. they even put bisphenols into inks and papers. These chemicals tend to cause bad breath and sometimes even used in lawn fertilizer.
i'd avoid poly chemicals...
September 28, 2009 at 2:11am by Franklyn red
Nice to read an article like this. Very much informative and gives us a word of caution to us. This should be nicely taken care.
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October 3, 2009 at 9:48pm by valter chaves
A great article especially the Product Defense Intrigue and I would like to add to it.
The real “burden of proof” lies with the consumer and CEO’s for scientific literacy- maybe “Science for Dummies”, companies for values and ethics, and the government for judgment to hold everyone accountable for their liberties and opportunities given to them.
If one was to see how bisphenols are made, one would question immediately making metric tons of BPA to say the least of putting this stuff or incorporating into polycarbonate, epoxides etc. Into baby bottles- hey they even put bisphenols into inks and papers maybe the magazine I’m responding to.
The reality is management of chemical risk/benefit is extremely complicated. Are there opportunistic folks and wrongdoers, of course!
We need to educate not regulate and hold those accountable for their wrong actions
As for me, I will try to make money as a chemist (Even the guy who discovered Lipitor was “impacted “ or let go in more understandable terms), maybe buy me a hat and a crossword puzzle, for my baldhead and bad memory.
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October 18, 2009 at 1:08am by monica fallia
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October 22, 2009 at 6:40am by anunturi gratuite
This is a really well written article. I was so glad to have had my children about 10-15 years later than most of my peers because of what we have learned in the last few years about environmental chemicals in bottles as well as disposable diapers.
regards,
anunturi