Many tables have tops that can be adjusted to change their position or
size, either with foldable extensions or sliding parts that can alter
the shape of the top. Some tables are entirely foldable for easy
transport, e.g., camping. Small tables in trains and aircraft may be
fixed or foldable, although many are simply convenient shelves rather
than tables.
The middle class tried to imitate the luxurious dining styles of the
upper class as best as it could. Living in smaller apartments, the
kitchen was the main room—here, the family lived. The study or living
room was saved for special occasions such as an occasional dinner
invitation. Because of this, these middle-class kitchens were often more
homely than those of the upper class, where the kitchen was a work-only
room occupied only by the servants. Besides a cupboard to store the
kitchenware, there were a table and chairs, where the family would dine,
and sometimes—if space allowed—even a fauteuil or a couch.
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very early tables were made and used by the Egyptians, and were little
more than metal or stone platforms used to keep objects off the floor.
They were not used for seating people. Food was usually put on large
plates deposed on a pedestal for eating. The Egyptians made use of
various small tables and elevated playing boards. The Chinese also
created very early tables in order to pursue the arts of writing and
painting.
Technological advances during industrialization brought major changes to
the kitchen. Iron stoves, which enclosed the fire completely and were
more efficient, appeared. Early models included the Franklin stove
around 1740, which was a furnace stove intended for heating, not for
cooking. Benjamin Thompson in England designed his "Rumford stove"
around 1800. This stove was much more energy efficient than earlier
stoves; it used one fire to heat several pots, which were hung into
holes on top of the stove and were thus heated from all sides instead of
just from the bottom. However, his stove was designed for large
kitchens; it was too big for domestic use. The "Oberlin stove" was a
refinement of the technique that resulted in a size reduction; it was
patented in the U.S. in 1834 and became a commercial success with some
90,000 units sold over the next 30 years. These stoves were still fired
with wood or coal. Although the first gas street lamps were installed in
Paris, London, and Berlin at the beginning of the 1820s and the first
U.S. patent on a gas stove was granted in 1825, it was not until the
late 19th century that using gas for lighting and cooking became
commonplace in urban areas.
When pricing, take into account any stains, scratches, tears or dents,
just as you should make a note of a well maintained or mint condition
item.
Your prices should not be any higher than the asking rate for
similar products that you see advertised or displayed in used furniture
stores. Decide ahead of time how firm you are going to be on your price.
Another reason for the trend back to open kitchens (and a foundation of
the "kitchen object" philosophy) is changes in how food is prepared.
Whereas prior to the 1950s most cooking started out with raw ingredients
and a meal had to be prepared from scratch, the advent of frozen meals
and pre-prepared convenience food changed the cooking habits of many
people, who consequently used the kitchen less and less. For others, who
followed the "cooking as a social act" trend, the open kitchen had the
advantage that they could be with their guests while cooking, and for
the "creative cooks" it might even become a stage for their cooking
performance. The "Trophy Kitchen" is highly equipped with very expensive
and sophisticated appliances which are used primarily to impress
visitors and to project social status, rather than for actual cooking.
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The initial reception was heavily critical: people were not accustomed
to the changed processes also designed by Schütte-Lihotzky; it was so
small that only one person could work in it; some storage spaces
intended for raw loose food ingredients such as flour were reachable by
children. But the Frankfurt kitchen embodied a standard for the rest of
the 20th century in rental apartments: the "work kitchen". Too small to
live or dine in, it was soon criticized as "exiling the women in the
kitchen", but the post-World War II conservatism coupled with economic
reasons prevailed. The kitchen once more was seen as a work place that
needed to be separated from the living areas. Practical reasons also
played a role in this development: just as in the bourgeois homes of the
past, one reason for separating the kitchen was to keep the steam and
smells of cooking out of the living room.
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Technological advances during industrialization brought major changes to
the kitchen. Iron stoves, which enclosed the fire completely and were
more efficient, appeared. Early models included the Franklin stove
around 1740, which was a furnace stove intended for heating, not for
cooking. Benjamin Thompson in England designed his "Rumford stove"
around 1800. This stove was much more energy efficient than earlier
stoves; it used one fire to heat several pots, which were hung into
holes on top of the stove and were thus heated from all sides instead of
just from the bottom. However, his stove was designed for large
kitchens; it was too big for domestic use. The "Oberlin stove" was a
refinement of the technique that resulted in a size reduction; it was
patented in the U.S. in 1834 and became a commercial success with some
90,000 units sold over the next 30 years. These stoves were still fired
with wood or coal. Although the first gas street lamps were installed in
Paris, London, and Berlin at the beginning of the 1820s and the first
U.S. patent on a gas stove was granted in 1825, it was not until the
late 19th century that using gas for lighting and cooking became
commonplace in urban areas.
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